System Architecture – Kernel, user space, system calls, and modes of operation

What is the kernel in an operating system, and why is it essential?

How does user space differ from kernel space in an operating system?

What are system calls in an operating system?

Which of the following is an example of a system call?

What are the two fundamental modes of operation in modern operating systems?

Which of the following best describes kernel mode?

Why is user mode important in operating systems?

How does a program transition from user mode to kernel mode?

What is the difference between a Monolithic Kernel and a Microkernel architecture?

Why is dual mode operation (user mode and kernel mode) essential in operating systems?